Summary of behavioural approach If you were to approach change from a behaviourist perspective you are more likely to be acting on the assumption of McGregor’s Theory X: the only way to motivate and align workers to the change effort is ... [full story]

Motivation and behaviour The pure behaviourist view of the world, prevalent in industry up to the 1960s, led to difficulties with motivating people to exhibit the ‘right’ behaviours. This in turn led researchers to investigate what management styles worked and did ... [full story]

Reinforcement strategies When generating reward strategies at Step 4 above, the following possibilities should be borne in mind: Financial reinforcement Traditionally financial reinforcement is the most explicit of the reinforcement mechanisms used in organizations today, particularly in sales oriented cultures. The use of ... [full story]

THE BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO CHANGE The behavioural approach to change, as the name implies, very much focuses on how one individual can change another individual’s behaviour using reward and punishment, to achieve intended results. If the intended results are not being ... [full story]

Kolb’s learning cycle David Kolb (1984) developed a model of experiential learning, which unpacked how learning occurs, and what stages a typical individual goes through in order to learn. It shows that we learn through a process of doing and thinking. ... [full story]

Conscious and unconscious competence and incompetence Another way of looking at what happens when you learn something new is to view it from a Gestalt perspective. The Gestalt psychologists suggested that people have a worldview that entails some things being in ... [full story]

LEARNING AND THE PROCESS OF CHANGE Buchanan and Huczynski (1985) define learning as ‘the process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to a change in behaviour’. Learning is not just an acquisition of knowledge, but the application of it through ... [full story]

Individual change INTRODUCTION This chapter draws together the key theories of how individuals go through change, using various models to explore this phenomenon. The aims of this chapter are to give managers and others experiencing or implementing change an understanding of the ... [full story]

The World Bank Overview The World Bank offers loans, policy advice, and customized assistance to more than 100 developing countries and countries in transition. As developing countries play a greater role in the world economy, the World Bank maximizes the benefits ... [full story]

Examining Indicators Of Success and Change Millennium has many measures of innovation including the strength and sustainability of the pipeline, the extent of commercialization of targets, and revenue growth. Millennium also relies heavily on productivity modeling to evaluate pipeline measures such ... [full story]

Ingenuity Ingenuity Systems Inc. partnered with Millennium in April of 2002 and brings expertise in knowledge representation systems including knowledge bases, knowledge acquisition tools, query language, and their own life sciences application. Ingenuity provides access to both their technology and their ... [full story]

MyTargetValidation A major new project in heavy use at Millennium is the MyTargetValidation knowledge base, which serves as a portal to 20 different scientific data repositories. The knowledge base serves as a central source for information about pharmaceutical targets in the ... [full story]

Scientific Findings Capture Process The first phase of the scientific findings capture process is for a knowledge intermediary to attend a scientific presentation. Knowledge intermediaries attend about six to eight meetings per week. The second phase is to receive or retrieve ... [full story]

Building a Knowledge Base The KM group focuses its projects in ways that reflect its competency-building mission. Specific projects/processes are created that enable Millennium scientists to exploit all available information in order to build a picture of complex biological mechanisms ... [full story]

Information Sharing Solutions Group The goal of the information sharing solutions group is to deploy and support Millennium’s collaboration tools and activities and communicate the plan and capability across the organization. One project undertaken by Millennium’s KM and IT groups, driven ... [full story]

Views To further help Millennium organize its knowledge and data, it has adopted the concept of views. A view is a construct that describes what users see on their desktops—a gateway to what is available and relevant. When views are missing ... [full story]

Establishing Support Roles and Structures Millennium’s KM group was formalized two years ago after an intensive three- month design phase to define the needs, required knowledge capabilities, and gaps. The KM group continually refines its strategy to identify where the largest ... [full story]

Collaboration Support Another objective of the KM group has been to create collaboration spaces to promote information sharing and decision making within alliances and key programs. For example, the KM group helped establish “eRoom: as a collaboration tool for Millennium’s alliance ... [full story]

Compass and Usability In order to get feedback on the usability of Compass and to learn usability guidelines and testing techniques from industry-leading consulting groups, Millennium’s KM group conducted a usability study with the help of an outside expert. The study ... [full story]

Fostering Collaboration Compass Early in 2001 the KM group at Millennium initiated a project to generate a data storage catalog. The intent of the project was to provide an inventory of Millennium’s information assets in order to facilitate productivity improvements by making ... [full story]

Views To further help Millennium organize its knowledge and data, it has adopted the concept of views. A view is a construct that describes what users would like to see on their desktops—a gateway to what is available and relevant. When ... [full story]

Knowledge Bases The focus on knowledge management is central to Millennium’s strategy, and the purpose of the KM group is to build and maintain a knowledge management platform and to create a vision and plan for developing Millennium’s most critical knowledge ... [full story]

Knowledge Management The goal of knowledge management at Millennium is to “enable the flow of information and knowledge across the company—aligning technologies, processes, and incentives to create an environment in which people have the information they need to make better, faster ... [full story]

Culture and Communicating The Guiding Principles, Objectives, and Behaviors Innovation is the lifeblood of the pharmaceutical industry, and knowledge management and knowledge sharing help to drive innovation. The idea is to give researchers, scientists, and all personnel access to new data ... [full story]

Architecture Framework Millennium’s G2P platform enables creating and sustaining the most critical knowledge bases, provides visibility to information across the enterprise and markets, drives value creation from underlying information assets, supports the flexibility required by the business model, and enables Millennium ... [full story]

The Role of Knowledge, Informatics, and Technology Millennium’s goal with regard to knowledge and innovation is to build the best R&D information and knowledge platform in the industry, with a specific focus on knowledge management, target validation, “cheminformatics,” and drug development. ... [full story]

Knowledge Management and Innovation Practices Millennium’s approach and business model is firmly grounded in knowledge management and innovation. Leveraging strengths, the company’s approach calls for an integrated and comprehensive industrialized platform with a focus on cost, quality, and cycle time. Figure ... [full story]

Millennium Pharmaceuticals Overview Founded in 1993 and headquartered in Cambridge, Mass., Millennium Pharmaceuticals is a leading biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of small molecules, biotherapeutics, and predictive medicine products. The unmasking of the genome has provided enormous opportunities in ... [full story]

Key Implementation Successes NASA notes many keys to success with KM implementation. First, it is important to get executive and/or broad sponsorship to make it easier to achieve cultural change, easier to deploy systems and solutions, and easier to transition and ... [full story]

Examining Indicators Of Success and Change Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s key performance indicators of innovation include the number of new patents or copyrights, published papers, new technology briefs, and successful transfer of technology into industry. However, more important than these measures is ... [full story]

Expertise Location Efforts are underway to integrate distributed directories of expertise within the agency and with partners. Grown as local solutions to local problems, the KM team is currently working to connect these islands of information to allow a single place ... [full story]

Academy of Program and Project Leadership The establishment of the Academy of Program and Project Leadership in 1997 underscored the importance that NASA places on project management excellence and development. Academy of Program and Project Leadership provides professional development to teams ... [full story]