Each of the organizations featured in the case studies in this chapter faced significant challenges. London's was the world's largest congestion charging scheme to be developed. The JTrack system for the Criminal Justice System involved the input of 43 police forces and 42 Crown Prosecution Service areas. The Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Trust needed a system that would centralize procurement while simultaneously allowing clinicians to make requisitions as they moved around wards. But the solutions found did not involve state-of-the-art technology: instead, existing technology was used in new ways. SMS text messaging was one of the ways in which Transport for London (TfL) made paying the capital's new congestion charge as convenient as possible. JTrack provided the agencies involved in the persistent offenders' scheme with secure access to Web-hosted software. Clinicians in Bradford were given PocketPC devices enabling them to place orders through a wireless network. After the excesses of the e-business boom, organizations have focused their efforts on leveraging existing technology in innovative ways, rather than investing in new systems. The All England Lawn Tennis Club also used personal digital assistants (PDAs), to get information to important people likely to be roaming around the site - club officials, VIPs, and special guests - the first time that this technology had been used on this scale anywhere in the world.